Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards (MEES) Explained

The Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards (MEES) have been in place since 2018, and they’ve changed how landlords manage their rental properties in England and Wales. Whether you’re letting a single flat or a portfolio of houses, understanding MEES is essential for staying compliant, avoiding penalties, and attracting energy-conscious tenants.

In this guide, we’ll break down the MEES rules, EPC requirements, and available exemptions so you know exactly where you stand.

What Are the Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards?

MEES regulations set the minimum EPC (Energy Performance Certificate) rating that a rental property must meet before it can be legally let.
Currently, properties must have an EPC rating of E or above. This applies to both domestic and non-domestic privately rented properties.

Why MEES Matters for Landlords

Failing to meet the required EPC rating can have serious consequences:

• Financial penalties of up to £5,000 for domestic properties.
• Inability to legally market or let the property.
• Lower tenant interest due to poor energy performance.

With energy bills and environmental concerns high on tenants’ minds, a better EPC rating can also increase the appeal and value of your property.

EPC Requirements Under MEES

An Energy Performance Certificate rates a property from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient) and is valid for 10 years.

• Domestic rentals: Must have an EPC rating of E or higher before being let.
• Commercial rentals: Also subject to the E rating minimum.

The government has plans to raise this minimum in the future, with proposals aiming for C or above by 2028, so landlords should plan upgrades now.

How to Improve Your EPC Rating

If your property falls below the required standard, here are some upgrades that can help:

• Insulation – Loft, wall, and floor insulation reduce heat loss.
• Efficient heating systems – Modern boilers and smart thermostats.
• Double or triple glazing – Improves heat retention and comfort.
• LED lighting – Reduces energy consumption.

Many improvements are eligible for grants or funding, which can help lower costs.

MEES Exemptions

Some properties can be legally let without meeting the E rating, but only if you’ve registered an exemption on the PRS Exemptions Register. Common exemptions include:

• All improvements made but property still below E (cost cap of £3,500 for domestic properties).
• Listed buildings where upgrades would negatively affect historic character.
• Devaluation – If improvements would reduce the property’s value by 5% or more.
• Third-party consent refusal – For example, when a tenant or planning authority denies necessary work.

How MEES Is Enforced

Local authorities enforce MEES and can issue financial penalties for non-compliance. Enforcement officers can request an EPC at any time, and if your property fails to meet standards without a valid exemption, you could face:

• Fines up to £5,000 for domestic properties.
• Up to £150,000 for commercial non-compliance.

Final Thoughts

The Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards are here to stay – and they’re likely to get stricter in the coming years. By acting early, landlords can:

• Stay compliant and avoid fines.
• Improve property value.
• Attract tenants who value lower energy bills.

Tip: Keep your EPC updated and track upcoming regulation changes so you’re never caught out.